Nouvelle page publication

@article{karras_exploration_2022,

title = {An exploration of barriers to suicide prevention messaging with US veterans},

author = {Elizabeth Karras and Brooke A. Levandowski and Janet M. McCarten},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000756},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {28–34},

abstract = {Background: Communication campaigns offer a portable intervention to effectively reach and engage target populations at risk for suicide including US veterans. Few studies have evaluated such efforts, and still fewer have examined factors that contribute to failed suicide prevention messaging. Aims: We aimed to examine characteristics of suicide prevention messages and persuasive processes that may underlie failed communicative intervention with US veterans. Method: Telephone interviews were completed with veterans (N = 33) from June to September 2016 using a semi-structured interview guide. Interview transcripts were coded by the authors with NVivo using a constant comparison analytic strategy. Results: Several reasons emerged for why suicide prevention messaging may fail to produce intended responses among veterans. Participants identified message features (e.g., language, images, messenger) and communication strategies that may diminish campaign effects. Limitations: Findings are not generalizable, are limited to participants who used VA healthcare and were not suicidal, and are subject to several biases. Conclusion: This work provides initial insights into barriers to effective message use with veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ÉTATS-UNIS 

PRÉVENTION 

MILITAIRE 

RETRAITE 

CAMPAGNE-SENSIBILISATION},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fildes_implementation_2022,

title = {Implementation of a pilot SMS-based crisis support service in Australia: Staff experiences of supporting help-seekers via text},

author = {Dave Fildes and Kathryn Williams and Sally Bradford and Pam Grootemaat and Conrad Kobel and Rob Gordon},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000758},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {46–52},

abstract = {Background: Australia's first short message service (SMS) crisis support service was launched by Lifeline Australia in July 2018. The pilot program was independently evaluated over a 240-day period. Aims: We aimed to examine the experiences of key staff employed in the Lifeline Text pilot and identify the skills and types of support required to deliver a high-quality SMS-based crisis support service. Method: In total, 22 interviews were conducted with 14 Lifeline Text crisis supporters and in-shift supervisors (supervisors) at two time points in September 2018 and March 2019. A modified framework approach was adopted to undertake qualitative data analyses. Results: Delivering crisis support via text was initially challenging as a result of the need to translate skills from telephone crisis support to the SMS platform. This was compounded by the high degree of suicidality of help-seekers and volatility in demand for the service. Limitations: The independent evaluators were not involved in the design of the pilot. Conclusion: Lifeline text is providing an important and necessary service, using a novel mode of delivery in Australia. Maintaining service quality at peak demand, with many distressed and suicidal help-seekers, requires specialized training, experience, and exceptional skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) AUSTRALIE 

OCÉANIE 

INTERVENTION-CRISE 

LIGNE-TÉLÉPHONIQUE 

CENTRE-PRÉVENTION-SUICIDE 

RECHERCHE-AIDE 

DÉTRESSE-PSYCHOLOGIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{plaisance_quebec_2022,

title = {Quebec population highly supportive of extending Medical Aid in Dying to incapacitated persons and people suffering only from a mental illness: Content analysis of attitudes and representations},

author = {A. Plaisance and Brian Mishara and J. Masella and G. Bravo and V. Couture and D. Tapp},

doi = {10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100759},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Ethics, Medicine and Public Health},

volume = {21},

pages = {100759},

abstract = {textbfBackground: In 2015, the province of Quebec in Canada became one of the few jurisdictions to legalize medically assisted dying. Thereafter, a public commission was mandated to study the extension of Medical Aid in Dying (MAiD) to incapacitated persons and people suffering from only a mental illness. To better understand debates concerning different forms of assisted dying and their eligibility conditions, we assessed the attitudes of the Quebec general population toward extending Medical Aid in Dying to incapacitated persons and those suffering only from a mental illness and their representations of those practices. textbfMethodology: We conducted an interpretative content analysis of 31 semi-structured interviews conducted as part of a large-scale study aimed at documenting Knowledge, Attitudes, and Representations of Quebecers regarding MAiD, continuous palliative sedation, and palliative care (KAR Study). Our analysis was complexified since participants often mixed responses regarding different current and proposed end-of-life practices, and they frequently declared a lack of knowledge of practices. To illustrate this emerging aspect of our results, we quantitated the content of the interview transcripts to create a structured qualitative dataset. textbfResults: Of the 31 participants, 29 were in favour of MAiD. All those in favour considered that the practice should be accessible to incapacitated persons and 27 of them believed that access should be granted to those who suffer only from a mental illness. However, 20 of the 31 participants (64.5%) confused the term Medical Aid in Dying with other legal forms of end-of-life practices such as palliative care, withdrawing, and withholding of life-sustaining treatments, and advance directives about treatment. Sixteen (51.6%) said they lacked knowledge about one or several of the end-of-life practices discussed in the interview. textbfConclusion: Although the participants were very favorable toward MAiD, there was widespread confusion in participants’ understanding of what constitutes MAiD, thinking it includes other currently legal end-of-life practices. It is not possible to determine whether our participants were in favour of the extension of MAiD to incapacitated persons and people suffering from mental illnesses, or if they were in favour of various currently legal end-of-life interventions for those populations. QUÉBEC 

CANADA 

SUICIDE-ASSISTÉ 

EUTHANASIE 

ATTITUDE 

SOIN-PALLIATIF 

FIN-DE-VIE 

JURIDIQUE 

SANTÉ-MENTALE 

ARRÊT-TRAITEMENT},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bardon_presentation_2021,

title = {Présentation synthétique du projet ayant pour titre :Stratégie innovante de mobilisation des connaissances en prévention du suicide chez les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle ou un trouble du spectre de láutisme : collaborer avec le réseau pour améliorer les services},

author = {Cécile Bardon and Diane Morin and Lorraine Millette},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

urldate = {2021-09-01},

journal = {La revue de l'observatoire en inclusion sociale},

volume = {3},

number = {1},

pages = {9--12},

abstract = {Les milieux d’intervention sont de plus en plus sensibilisés au fait que les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) ou un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) risquent de vivre de la détresse et de développer des idéations suicidaires, de faire des tentatives de suicide ou de décéder par suicide. Par conséquent, la prévention du suicide chez ces populations est un enjeu de plus en plus pressant. Les milieux spécialisés en intervention auprès des personnes ayant une DI ou un TSA ont pris conscience depuis quelques années de leurs besoins dans ce domaine et demandent des ressources et des outils adaptés à leurs usagers. En effet, les personnes ayant une DI ou un TSA présentent des particularités cognitives, affectives, communicationnelles, sociales et médicales qui rendent difficile l’application des pratiques utilisées pour la population générale et qui peuvent mener à des difficultés de coordination entre les milieux de la santé mentale, de la prévention du suicide et de la réadaptation. Afin de répondre aux besoins des milieux, il est important de construire et de diffuser des outils de prévention du suicide adaptés aux spécificités des usagers et des milieux. Il est donc important de construire des processus d’appropriation des connaissances adaptés aux différents contextes de la prévention du suicide chez les personnes ayant une DI ou un TSA afin de favoriser leur utilisation dans les milieux de la réadaptation et les collaborations avec les milieux de la santé mentale. PRÉVENTION 

RETARD-MENTAL 

DÉTRESSE 

MODÈLE 

DÉPISTAGE 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

FACTEUR-PROTECTION 

INTERVENTION},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{genest_emerging_2021,

title = {Emerging despite the indelible wound: A grounded theory of family transformation following adolescent suicide},

author = {Christine Genest and Francine Gratton and Tara O’Reilly and Émilie Allard and Nathalie Maltais},

doi = {10.1177/10748407211006183},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-02},

journal = {Journal of Family Nursing},

abstract = {Family members of a person who has died by suicide are at an increased risk of experiencing depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide ideation, and suicide. However, despite the experience of losing a family member to suicide, most families continue to function and even live well following this difficult experience. This study sought to understand and describe the transformation process that occurs in family member survivors using a grounded theory approach. Seven families, who experienced the loss of an adolescent in their family by suicide, participated in this qualitative study that used a grounded theory methodology. The results describe the transformation process experienced by the family, one of growth and learning, even though the wound from their tragic loss was still present. According to the grounded theory developed in this study, the suicide is a cataclysm, followed by a sinking period that is tempered by the presence of lifebuoys, which are supports that can be found within the families or from people around them. It is necessary for family nurses to understand this transformation process to better support surviving family members and improve suicide postvention care. 



Les proches d’une personne décédée par suicide sont à risque accru de souffrir d’une dépression, d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique, d’idéations suicidaires et de décéder par suicide. Or, malgré cette difficile expérience de perdre un membre de la famille par suicide, la plupart des familles continuent à fonctionner et peuvent bien vivre. Cette étude utilise une théorisation ancrée pour comprendre et décrire le processus de transformation qui survient chez les membres d’une famille suite au décès par suicide d’un proche. Sept familles ayant vécu la perte par suicide d’un adolescent dans leur famille ont participé à cette étude qualitative utilisant une méthode de théorisation ancrée. Les résultats décrivent le processus de transformation vécu dans la famille, un processus de croissance et d’apprentissage, malgré la présence d’une vive blessure suite à cette perte tragique. Suivant la théorisation ancrée développée dans cette étude, le suicide d’un proche est un cataclysme; cet événement est suivi d’une période de descente, qui peut être atténuée par la présence de bouées de sauvetage, des soutiens qui peuvent être trouvés dans la famille ou les proches. Il est nécessaire pour les infirmières agissant auprès de la famille de comprendre ce processus de transformation afin de mieux soutenir les membres survivants et d’améliorer les soins de postvention à la suite d’un suicide.

QUÉBEC 

CANADA 

ADOLESCENT 

SUICIDE-COMPLÉTÉ 

POSTVENTION 

FAMILLE 

DEUIL 

ENDEUILLÉ 

DEUIL-SUICIDE 

PERTE-PROCHE 

PERTE-ENFANT 

ÉTUDE-QUALITATIVE 

PROCESSUS-DEUIL 

SOUTIEN-SOCIAL 

COHÉSION-GROUPE 

COLÈRE 

HONTE 

STIGMATISATION 

PERSONNEL-MÉDICAL 

RITUEL},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{zortea_impact_2021,

title = {The impact of infectious disease-related public health emergencies on suicide, suicidal behavior, and suicidal thoughts: A systematic review},

author = {Tiago C. Zortea and Connor T. A. Brenna and Mary Joyce and Heather McClelland and Marisa Tippett and Maxwell M. Tran and Ella Arensman and Paul Corcoran and Simon Hatcher and Marnin J. Heisel and Paul Links and Rory C. O'Connor and Nicole E. Edgar and Yevin Cha and Giuseppe Guaiana and Eileen Williamson and Mark Sinyor and Stephen Platt},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000753},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {474–487},

abstract = {Background: Infectious disease-related public health emergencies (epidemics) may increase suicide risk, and high-quality evidence is needed to guide an international response. Aims: We investigated the potential impacts of epidemics on suicide-related outcomes. Method: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsyArXiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv from inception to May 13–16, 2020. Inclusion criteria: primary studies, reviews, and meta-analyses; reporting the impact of epidemics; with a primary outcome of suicide, suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, and/or self-harm. Exclusion criteria: not concerned with suicide-related outcomes; not suitable for data extraction. PROSPERO registration: #CRD42020187013. Results: Eight primary papers were included, examining the effects of five epidemics on suicide-related outcomes. There was evidence of increased suicide rates among older adults during SARS and in the year following the epidemic (possibly motivated by social disconnectedness, fears of virus infection, and concern about burdening others) and associations between SARS/Ebola exposure and increased suicide attempts. A preprint study reported associations between COVID-19 distress and past-month suicidal ideation. Limitations: Few studies have investigated the topic; these are of relatively low methodological quality. Conclusion: Findings support an association between previous epidemics and increased risk of suicide-related outcomes. Research is needed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

ÉPIDÉMIE 

REVUE-LITTÉRATURE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{yockey_trends_2021,

title = {Trends in suicidal behaviors among US adults 2015–2018},

author = {R. Andrew Yockey and Keith King and Rebecca Vidourek},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000732},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {351–359},

abstract = {Background: Suicide remains a major public health problem in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in suicide ideation, planning, and attempts among a national sample of US adults. Method: We used aggregated 2015–2018 data from the National Survey Drug Use and Health Survey. We utilized demographic and substance use questions with each suicide behavior. We assessed weighted absolute and relative changes in a national sample of 7,654 adults. Results: Results revealed that from 2015 to 2018, there was a 16.0% increase in suicide ideation, 18.6% increase in suicide planning, and 11.6% increase in suicide attempts. Significant increases in each behavior were found in African Americans, younger adults, sexual minorities, and individuals who reported past-year drug use. Limitations: Limitations include self-report of suicidal behaviors and desirability of answers. Conclusion: We believe our findings can inform harm reduction efforts and health messages surrounding suicide prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ÉTATS-UNIS 

ADULTE 

IDÉATION 

INTENTION 

TENTATIVE 

PRÉVALENCE 

TENDANCE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{yang_state_2021,

title = {State anhedonia and suicidal ideation in adolescents: The role of loss of interest in friends},

author = {Xinhua Yang and Kai Tian and Dongfang Wang and Guangya Liu and Xiaoqun Liu and Phillippa Harrison},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000712},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {247–254},

abstract = {Background: Recent work suggests that state anhedonia and its social aspect of loss of interest in people was an important predictor of suicidal ideation in adults. Aim: The current study investigated the relationship between state anhedonia, trait anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in adolescents. Method: State anhedonia was assessed using the anhedonia subscale from the Child Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, while trait social anhedonia was assessed using the Adolescent Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale. Results: Results indicated that state anhedonia was associated with suicidal ideation but not associated with past suicide attempts after controlling for depressive symptoms. Academic stressful events moderated the relationship between state anhedonia and suicidal ideation. Symptom-level analyses revealed that loss of interest in friends was most highly predictive of suicidal ideation compared with the other anhedonia components. Limitations: The current investigation was limited by its reliance on student samples and data from a single time point. Conclusion: The current study indicated that state anhedonia and its social component may be more informative of near-term suicidal ideation than trait anhedonia in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ADOLESCENT 

IDÉATION 

TROUBLE-HUMEUR},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wyman_battalen_associations_2021,

title = {Associations of discrimination, suicide ideation severity and attempts, and depressive symptoms among sexual and gender minority youth},

author = {Adeline Wyman Battalen and Ethan Mereish and Jennifer Putney and Christina M. Sellers and Melinda Gushwa and Kimberly H. McManama O'Brien},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000718},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {301–308},

abstract = {We examined the unique associations among discrimination, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and depressive symptoms in a sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth as well as interpersonal mediators of these associations. Participants included 94 SGM youth (Mage = 18; SD = 2.88) recruited from SGM-specific drop-in centers. We used mediation analyses to test the mediating effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on the associations between discrimination and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and depressive symptoms, accounting for childhood trauma and sociodemographic variables (age, gender identity, race, and sexual orientation). Within our nonclinical community sample of SGM youth, 49% reported a lifetime suicide attempt, 84% reported current suicide ideation, and 82% reported current depressive symptoms. Experiencing discrimination was associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempts and depressive symptoms, and greater perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, over and above the effects of childhood trauma and sociodemographic variables. Discrimination was indirectly associated with greater depressive symptoms through perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and with greater severity of suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness. Findings suggest clinicians should assess for discrimination and include a focus on perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as targets of intervention for suicide and depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

ADOLESCENT 

JEUNE-ADULTE 

HOMOSEXUALITÉ 

DÉPRESSION},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wiglesworth_suicide_2021,

title = {Suicide prevention public service announcements: Recall biases associated with increased risk for suicide},

author = {Andrea Wiglesworth and Josephine P. Abate and Bonnie Klimes-Dougan},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000744},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {448–454},

abstract = {Background: Suicide prevention public service announcements (PSAs) help to disseminate information about suicide and help-seeking options. However, little is known about how individuals at risk for suicide recall PSAs. Aims: The current project assessed which features of suicide prevention PSAs are recalled by young adult participants and whether there are differences between those who are at low or high risk for suicide. Method: Participants (N = 140) viewed a simulated suicide prevention billboard that consisted of a main message, help-seeking message, and graphical features. Participants provided written recollections of the billboard features approximately 15 min post-viewing, which were coded and analyzed. Results: High-risk participants were significantly less likely than low-risk participants to include a description of the help-seeking message in their written recall. Few group differences were noted in the recall of the main message or graphical features. Limitations: Recall was limited to short-term recall based on a single exposure. Efforts to enhance internal validity (e.g., measurement of suicide risk) and external validity (e.g., a balanced sample regarding sex and race) are recommended. Conclusions: Results suggest that new tactics may need to be considered when developing suicide prevention messages, including crafting help-seeking messages that are more easily committed to memory for target audiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) PRÉVENTION 

CAMPAGNE-SENSIBILISATION 

RECHERCHE-AIDE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{walker_lessons_2021,

title = {Lessons learnt from the narratives of women who self-harm in prison},

author = {Tammi Walker and Jenny Shaw and Jonathan Gibb and Clive Turpin and Catherine Reid and Kerry Gutridge and Kathryn Abel},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000714},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {255–262},

abstract = {Background: In England and Wales, women in prison make up a minority (<5%) of the total custodial population, yet acts of self-harm are around five times more common among incarcerated women. While there has been a multiagency effort to improve how acts of self-harm are documented across prisons, the patterns and functions of self-harm for women in prison have not yet been fully addressed. Aims: We aimed to determine the patterns, prevalence, and functions of self-harm among women in prison through a mixed-methods study. Method: A total of 108 women with a history of self-harm were interviewed across three female prisons. Participants completed a structured questionnaire detailing their experiences of self-harm across prison and community settings. Results: We found that women in prison who frequently self-harmed disclosed high levels of trauma: past experiences of domestic violence (81.5%), childhood sexual abuse (66.7%), and adult sexual abuse (60.2%). Prevalent methods of recent in-prison acts of self-harm involved cutting, followed by ligaturing. Limitations: The study used a cross-sectional design, self-reported data, and featured a subset of women identified as being at high-risk of self-harm. Conclusion: Motivations behind acts of self-harm by women in prison are complex. Triggers appear to be past trauma, deteriorating mental health, and separation from children or family. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) GRANDE-BRETAGNE 

ROYAUME-UNI 

EUROPE 

FEMME 

TENTATIVE 

DÉTENU 

MILIEU-CARCÉRAL 

AUTO-MUTILATION 

COMPORTEMENT-AUTODESTRUCTEUR 

TRAUMATISME 

ÉVÉNEMENT-VIE 

VIOLENCE-CONJUGALE 

ABUS-SEXUEL},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{van_vuuren_sociodemographic_2021,

title = {Sociodemographic differences in time trends of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents living in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Time trends of suicidal behaviors among adolescents},

author = {Cornelia Leontine Vuuren and Marcel Franciscus Wal and Pim Cuijpers and Mai Jeanette Maidy Chinapaw},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000735},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {369–377},

abstract = {Background: Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents are major public health problems. More insight into secular changes in suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents from various sociodemographic groups is crucial for adequate and targeted policy-making and prevention. We therefore examined 5-year time trends in suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents and potential differences in time trends between sociodemographic groups. Methods: Logistic regression analyses were based on annually repeated cross-sectional data including 26,273 multi-ethnic students (13–14 years old) in the second year of various levels of secondary education in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Results: Overall, the prevalence of adolescents in Amsterdam with suicidal thoughts decreased from 17.6% during 2010–2011 to 13.2% during 2014–2015. The prevalence of adolescents reporting suicide attempts decreased from 2.9% to 1.9% over the observed 5-year period. We found differences in these time trends between subgroups based on ethnicity and educational level. Limitations: The use of confidential and self-reported data could have biased the results. Conclusion: In order for prevention policy to be effective it is important to pay attention to changes in risk groups for suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) PAYS-BAS 

EUROPE 

ADOLESCENT 

IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

PRÉVALENCE 

FACTEUR-SOCIODÉMOGRAPHIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mazzer_systematic_2021,

title = {A systematic review of user expectations and outcomes of crisis support services},

author = {Kelly Mazzer and Megan O'Riordan and Alan Woodward and Debra Rickwood},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000745},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {465–473},

abstract = {Background: Crisis support services play an important role in providing free, immediate access to support people in the community experiencing a personal crisis. Recently, services have expanded from telephone to digital modalities including online chat and text message services. This raises the question of what outcomes are being achieved for increasingly diverse service users across different modalities. Aims: This systematic review aimed to determine the expectations and outcomes of users of crisis support services across three modalities (telephone, online chat, and text message/SMS). Method: Online databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences Collection) and gray literature were searched for studies measuring expectations and outcomes of crisis support services. Results: A total of 31 studies were included in the review, the majority of which were telephone-based. Similar expectations were found for telephone and online chat modalities, as well as consistently positive outcomes, measured by changes in emotional state, satisfaction, and referral plans. Limitations/Conclusion: There is a paucity of consistent outcome measures across and within modalities and limited research about users of text message/SMS services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) REVUE-LITTÉRATURE 

INTERVENTION-CRISE 

LIGNE-TÉLÉPHONIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{martin_pathways_2021,

title = {The pathways of aggression – Differential indirect associations between anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and suicidality},

author = {Rachel L. Martin and Nicole S. Smith and Nicole M. Caulfield and Daniel W. Capron},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000725},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {335–342},

abstract = {Background: Suicide prevention efforts have focused on risk factors that help identify people with an increased risk for suicide. One risk factor related to suicide risk is anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns (ASCC), which is the "fear of going crazy." The association between ASCC and suicidal ideation is hypothesized to result from the depression–distress amplification model, which postulates that ASCC exacerbates feelings of depression and concurrent distress. Furthermore, there is evidence for associations between ASCC/dysregulated anger and dysregulated anger/suicidal ideation. We hypothesized that aggression may provide pathways from ASCC to suicidality. The current study examined how facets of aggression (described as elevated agitation) meditated the association between ASCC and suicidality. Aims: The current study aimed to extend prior research by examining how different facets of aggression mediate the association between ASCC and suicidality. Method: Participants were 440 adults recruited online, 32.7% of whom endorsed experiencing lifetime suicidal ideation. Results: Our hypotheses were partially supported with two significant indirect effects. Results indicated that physical aggression and hostility provided significant indirect effects; however, verbal aggression and anger did not. Limitations: The study was cross-sectional in nature, limiting causal interpretations about the indirect effects. The sample included primarily White participants. Conclusion: Specific facets of aggression provide pathways through which ASCC is associated with suicidality. Aggression may be a catalyst for individuals to progress to suicidality. The current study provides foundational research for continued examination of physical aggression as a catalyst for suicide attempts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ADULTE 

IDÉATION 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

AGRESSIVITÉ 

COLÈRE 

DÉPRESSION 

HOSTILITÉ},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{madadin_suicidal_2021,

title = {Suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study},

author = {Mohammed Madadin and Ritesh G. Menezes and Maha A. Alassaf and Abdulaziz M. Almulhim and Mahdi S. Abumadini and Fatimah A. Alnemer and Fatimah R. Alrasheed and Alawiah K. Alramadhan},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000720},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {278–283},

abstract = {Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ARABIE-SAOUDITE 

MOYEN-ORIENT 

IDÉATION 

ÉTUDIANT-UNIVERSITAIRE 

PERSONNEL-MÉDICAL},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kenny_examining_2021,

title = {Examining adherence to suicide reporting guidelines in initial reports on high-profile celebrity suicides},

author = {Therese E. Kenny and Sierra Goldfinger and Stephen P. Lewis},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000741},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {488–491},

abstract = {Background: Research has found varying adherence by media professionals to recommendations for reporting on suicide. Aims: We compared adherence to recommendations for what to do and what not to do when reporting on suicide in initial reports of high-profile celebrity suicides in major media outlets. Method: A total of 100 articles published in news outlets during 2004–2018 and reporting on celebrity suicides were examined for adherence to reporting guidelines using content analysis. Results: Articles frequently adhered to guidelines for what not to do when reporting on suicide (83%), but rarely adhered to guidelines for what to do (26%). Limitations: This study was a single cross-sectional analysis and may not generalize to different outlets, guidelines, or countries. Conclusion: While news articles frequently do not include harmful information, they also do not include potentially protective content. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) MÉDIA 

FIGURE-PUBLIQUE 

RECOMMANDATION},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hu_wiser_2021,

title = {Wiser reasoning and less disgust have the potential to better achieve suicide prevention},

author = {Chao S. Hu and Jiajia Ji and Jinhao Huang and Zhe Feng and Dong Xie and Mei Li and Zhijian Liang and Zhaoguo Wei},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000709},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {202–209},

abstract = {Background: High school and university teachers need to advise students against attempting suicide, the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Aims: To investigate the role of reasoning and emotion in advising against suicide. Method: We conducted a study with 130 students at a university that specializes in teachers' education. Participants sat in front of a camera, videotaping their advising against suicide. Three raters scored their transcribed advice on "wise reasoning" (i.e., expert forms of reasoning: considering a variety of conditions, awareness of the limitation of one's knowledge, taking others' perspectives). Four registered psychologists experienced in suicide prevention techniques rated the transcripts on the potential for suicide prevention. Finally, using the software Facereader 7.1, we analyzed participants' micro-facial expressions during advice-giving. Results: Wiser reasoning and less disgust predicted higher potential for suicide prevention. Moreover, higher potential for suicide prevention was associated with more surprise. Limitations: The actual efficacy of suicide prevention was not assessed. Conclusion: Wise reasoning and counter-stereotypic ideas that trigger surprise probably contribute to the potential for suicide prevention. This advising paradigm may help train teachers in advising students against suicide, measuring wise reasoning, and monitoring a harmful emotional reaction, that is, disgust. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ADOLESCENT 

JEUNE-ADULTE 

PRÉVENTION 

MILIEU-SCOLAIRE 

ÉTUDIANT-SECONDAIRE 

ÉTUDIANT-UNIVERSITAIRE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{horney_impact_2021,

title = {The impact of natural disasters on suicide in the United States, 2003–2015},

author = {Jennifer A. Horney and Ibraheem M. Karaye and Alexander Abuabara and Sera Gearhart and Shannon Grabich and Maria Perez-Patron},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000723},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {328–334},

abstract = {Background: Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity and impacted populations develop mental health conditions at higher rates than those not impacted. Aims: In this study, we investigate the association between exposure to a major natural disaster and suicide in the US. Method: Using county-level data on disaster declarations, mortality files, and population data, suicide rates were estimated for three 12-month periods before and after the disaster. Pooled rates were estimated predisaster and compared with postdisaster suicide rates using Poisson-generated Z tests and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 281 major disasters were included. The suicide rate increased for each type of disaster and across all disasters in the first 2 years of follow-up. The largest overall increases in suicide rates were seen 2 years postdisaster. Limitations: Limitations include the ecologic study design, county-level exposure, and low power. Conclusion: Increases in county-level suicide rates after disasters were not statistically significant, although there was evidence that increases were delayed until 2 years postdisaster. Additional studies are needed to improve understanding of nonfatal suicide attempts after disasters and the role elevated social support plays in suicide prevention postdisaster. Future studies should consider pre-existing mental health, secondary stressors, and proximity to hazards. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ÉTATS-UNIS 

SUICIDE-COMPLÉTÉ 

PRÉVALENCE 

TENDANCE 

DÉSASTRE 

STRESS 

SOUTIEN-SOCIAL 

SANTÉ-MENTALE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hill_promoting_2021,

title = {Promoting the community's ability to detect and respond to suicide risk through an online bystander intervention model-informed tool: A randomized controlled trial},

author = {Karien Hill and Shawn Somerset and Ralf Schwarzer and Carina Chan},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000708},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {225–231},

abstract = {Background: The public health sector has advocated for more innovative, technology-based, suicide prevention education for the community, to improve their ability to detect and respond to suicide risk. Emerging evidence suggests addressing the bystander effect through the Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) in education material may have potential for suicide prevention. Aims: The current study aimed to assess whether BIM-informed tools can lead to improved readiness, confidence and intent in the community to detect and respond to suicide risk in others. Method: A sample of 281 adults recruited from the community participated in a randomized controlled trial comprising a factsheet designed according to the BIM (intervention group) and a standard factsheet about suicide and mental health (control group). Participants' self-reported detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent when presented with a suicidal peer was tested pre- and postintervention and compared across time and between groups. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher levels of detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent than the control group at postintervention (all p < .001) with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Limitations: The study was limited by a homogenous sample, too low numbers at follow-up to report, and self-report data only. Conclusion: This study demonstrates BIM-informed suicide prevention training may enhance the community's intervention readiness, confidence, and intent better than current standard material. Further testing in this area is recommended. While results were statistically significant, clinical significance requires further exploration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) AUSTRALIE 

OCÉANIE 

ADULTE 

INTERVENTION 

DÉPISTAGE 

COMMUNAUTÉ},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hernandez-torres_validating_2021,

title = {Validating the factor structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale – Short Form Spanish version among healthcare students},

author = {Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres and Paola Carminelli-Corretjer and Nelmit Tollinchi-Natali and Ernesto Rosario-Hernández and Yovanska Duarté-Vélez and Eliut Rivera-Segarra},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000728},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {314–318},

abstract = {Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students (N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013). Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) PORTO-RICO 

CARAIBES 

PSYCHOMÉTRIE 

LANGUE 

INSTRUMENT 

VALIDITÉ 

INSTRUMENT: STIGMA-SUICIDE-SCALE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hedman-robertson_celebrity_2021,

title = {Celebrity suicide: Media recommendations for reporting suicide not followed},

author = {Amy S. Hedman-Robertson and Starr K. Sage},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000734},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {418–424},

abstract = {Background: Increased suicides following media coverage of celebrities' suicide deaths have been documented in several countries. Recommendations for Reporting on Suicide were published to provide guidance for media professionals when covering suicide. Research indicates guidelines have been poorly followed. Aim: We aimed to determine whether the recommendations were similarly observed when studying two online news organizations' coverage of a celebrity's suicide. Method: In the 3 days following a high-profile celebrity's death, two US cable networks' news websites were studied to compare how the death was reported. Online articles were reviewed using a coding rubric organized by six themes and 21 coding categories. Results: Between the two organizations, 34 articles were published. Regarding the recommendations, neither source followed all of the recommendations, as measured in this study. Source A fared better in providing help-seeking information. Limitations: Only two news organizations were studied for a 3-day period. Online videos, print articles, and social media were excluded. Conclusion: The suicide of a celebrity received repetitive media coverage with little emphasis on prevention or help-seeking. The recommendations were not consistently followed by the two news websites included in this review. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) MÉDIA 

RECOMMANDATION 

FIGURE-PUBLIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{guidry_pinning_2021,

title = {Pinning despair and distress–suicide-related content on visual social media platform Pinterest},

author = {Jeanine P. D. Guidry and Nicole H. O'Donnell and Carrie A. Miller and Paul B. Perrin and Kellie E. Carlyle},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000719},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {270–277},

abstract = {Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an individual dies by suicide every 40 s. Aim: Our aim was to analyze how suicide is portrayed on the visual social media platform Pinterest. Method: This study used a quantitative content analysis of 500 suicide-related Pinterest posts. Content codes included the presence of factors related to the WHO media reporting guidelines. Results: The majority of posts were published by individual Pinterest users, with public and mental health entities rarely present. Suicidal ideation content was more prevalent in visuals than in accompanying text on Pinterest. Considering the WHO media suicide-reporting guidelines, posts featured more helpful than harmful content, but explicit details of suicides and suicide attempts were still prevalent. Finally, comments were more likely to identify with suicidal ideation or post negative content than post supportive content. Limitations: Content analysis cannot discern motivations behind posts; future studies should include other methods. Conclusion: This study suggests there is a critical need for further research into Pinterest and suicide-related topics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) MÉDIA 

INTERNET 

RECOMMANDATION 

DÉTRESSE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{godoy_garraza_effectiveness_2021,

title = {The effectiveness of active learning strategies in gatekeeper training on behavioral outcomes},

author = {Lucas Godoy Garraza and Nora Kuiper and Wendi F. Cross and Brandee Hicks and Christine Walrath},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000733},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {360–368},

abstract = {Background: Studies of suicide prevention gatekeeper trainings (GKT) show temporary enhancements in short-term behavioral outcomes and limited enhancements in intermediate behavioral outcomes. Aims: We aimed to examine the impact of two training enhancements (role-play and booster) on intermediate GKT outcomes. Method: The study used a factorial randomized controlled design to assign participants to one of four groups. Three indicators of gatekeeper behavior at 6-month follow-up were the primary outcomes of interest. We used propensity score-based techniques to address observed imbalances. Results: At 6 months, among participants assigned to role-play, a significantly larger proportion of those assigned to booster performed identifications and referrals followed by a notification to the referral source, and followed by escorting the youth to the resource. Limitations: While observed imbalances were addressed, unobserved differences may persist. The validity of self-reported indicators to measure actual behavior remains unknown. Conclusion: Results suggest that active learning strategies can, in combination, enhance the effectiveness of trainings. The strategies seem to increase the comprehensiveness of gatekeeper behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) SENTINELLE 

FORMATION},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fulginiti_firearm_2021,

title = {Firearm access and suicidal crises among young adults experiencing homelessness in the United States: A lethal intersection},

author = {Anthony Fulginiti and Hsun-Ta Hsu and Jarrod Call and Robin Petering and Diane Santa Maria and Jama Shelton and Sarah C. Narendorf and Kristin M. Ferguson and Kimberly Bender and Anamika Barman-Adhikari},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000722},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {396–401},

abstract = {Background: Young adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) report high rates of suicidal crises. Having access to firearms during suicidal crises elevates risk of death by suicide. Yet, no known information exists about firearm access among YAEH. Aims: We aimed to examine the proportion of participants who had firearm access, as well as the association between past-year suicidal crises and firearm access among participants. Method: We recruited 1,426 YAEH (18–26 years old) from homelessness service settings in seven US cities. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between past-year suicidal crises and firearm access. Results: One third of the sample reported having easy firearm access. YAEH who experienced suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were more likely to report firearm access. Limitations: Results from this cross-sectional study cannot be causally interpreted nor generalized to all YAEH. Conclusion: A substantial segment of YAEH had easy firearm access and it was more common for YAEH with suicidal crises to have firearm access. Reducing firearm access should be part of suicide prevention planning for YAEH in the US but requires comprehensive and innovative solutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ÉTATS-UNIS 

JEUNE-ADULTE 

ITINÉRANT 

ARME-FEU},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{frei_emotion-oriented_2021,

title = {Emotion-oriented coping style predicts self-harm in response to acute psychiatric hospitalization},

author = {Jacqueline M. Frei and Vladimir Sazhin and Melissa Fick and Keong Yap},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000713},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {232–238},

abstract = {Psychiatric hospitalization can cause significant distress for patients. Research has shown that to cope with the stress, patients sometimes resort to self-harm. Given the paucity of research on self-harm among psychiatric inpatients, a better understanding of transdiagnostic processes as predictors of self-harm during psychiatric hospitalization is needed. The current study examined whether coping styles predicted self-harm after controlling for commonly associated factors, such as age, gender, and borderline personality disorder. Participants were 72 patients (mean age = 39.32 years},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{espeland_time_2021,

title = {"Time to try something new" – Professionals' experiences and reflections on suicide prevention in Norway},

author = {Kristin Espeland and Birthe Loa Knizek and Heidi Hjelmeland},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000740},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {434–440},

abstract = {Background: The suicide rate in Norway has remained relatively stable despite 25 years of government-funded suicide prevention efforts. Aim: We aimed to gather experiences of the professionals responsible for implementing suicide prevention action plans and guidelines and/or involved in relevant research. Method: We conducted semistructured interviews with 22 professionals about their reflections on the priorities and work done so far as well as where to go next. Data were analyzed by means of thematic analysis. Results: The participants described conflicting understandings and a monopolization of "the truth" within the suicide prevention community. They perceived the dominant biomedical understanding of suicidality and appurtenant approach to suicide prevention as too narrow. Thus, they found the suicide prevention work and collaboration challenging and recommend that it is time to try something new. Limitations: This study was conducted in a Norwegian context. A biomedical approach to suicide prevention is, however, common internationally. Conclusion: Participants described several challenges in the suicide prevention work. The contemporary "regime of truth" limits how suicide is understood and studied, as well as how suicide prevention is approached. A more open approach to suicide prevention, emphasizing the importance of relationships, context, and collaboration between sectors, is recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) NORVÈGE 

SCANDINAVIE 

EUROPE 

PRÉVENTION 

STRATÉGIE-NATIONALE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{edwards_social_2021,

title = {Social media responses to online suicide-related news articles},

author = {Tiana Edwards and Michelle Torok and Lauren McGillivray and Trent Ford and Katherine Mok and Emily Li and Mark E. Larsen},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000724},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {309–313},

abstract = {Background: Responsible media reporting of suicide is important to prevent contagion effects. Online media reporting is increasingly becoming the primary source of news information for many people. Aims: This study aimed to assess compliance with responsible media reporting guidelines, and whether social media responses were associated with compliance. Method: A random sample of Australian digital news articles over a 9-month period were coded for compliance to Mindframe suicide reporting guidelines. Social media responses (number of shares and number of comments) were collected via Facebook. Results: From the sample of 275 articles, articles were compliant with a median of seven of the nine recommendations. Articles compliant with more than seven recommendations were shared more frequently (median: 93 vs. 38 shares},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{christensen_reasons_2021,

title = {Reasons for living and suicide attempts among young adults with lifetime suicide ideation},

author = {Kirsten Christensen and Melanie A. Hom and Ian H. Stanley and Thomas E. Joiner},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000705},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {179–185},

abstract = {Background: Previous work suggests that reasons for living (RFL) are associated with suicide ideation; however, the relationship between RFL and suicide attempts among individuals with suicide ideation remains unclear. Such an examination is necessary to delineate whether RFL are associated with suicide attempts above and beyond their association with suicide ideation. Aims: This study examined the relationship between RFL and suicide attempts among young adults with a lifetime history of suicide ideation. Method: Undergraduate students (N = 163) completed surveys assessing demographics, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and RFL. Results: Individuals with a history of both suicide ideation and attempt reported significantly lower RFL than individuals with a history of suicide ideation but no suicide attempt. Among individual RFL-YA subscales, only Coping Beliefs was significantly associated with a suicide attempt history. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study precludes any conclusions about the potential protective effects of RFL against suicide attempts, and the college student sample limits generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand whether RFL prospectively predict suicide attempts among individuals with suicide ideation and whether interventions that bolster RFL might reduce suicide risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ÉTATS-UNIS 

JEUNE-ADULTE 

IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

RAISON-VIVRE 

COPING 

SUICIDAIRE-CHRONIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cheng_suicide_2021,

title = {Suicide research in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau over three decades: A scoping review},

author = {Qijin Cheng and Xingzhou Zhang and Carrie Lui and Paul S. F. Yip},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000743},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {455–464},

abstract = {Background: China accounts for 15% of the global suicide death toll, yet suicide research efforts in the country are not well known by international colleagues. Aims: We aimed to outline the development of suicide research in China, appraise research findings, and identify key contributors. Method: English and Chinese research publication databases were systematically searched and relevant papers were reviewed. Chinese and English publications were compared. Results: There are almost 10 times more Chinese publications than English ones. The research focuses of and key contributors to the Chinese and English literature exhibit more differences than commonalities. The field experienced rapid expansion in the new millennium with more and higher quality publications and more funding support. Psychosocial-oriented perspectives guided most of the papers. Poisoning by pesticide as a suicide method and youth as a subpopulation group received the most research attention. Limitations: The scoping review does not provide in-depth syntheses on specific topics and does not include more recent publications. Conclusion: Research on suicide in China has been actively carried out during the 30-year period we reviewed, which might have contributed to suicide prevention in China. Research gaps identified by the review should be addressed to sustain the achievements. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) HONG-KONG 

CHINE 

ASIE 

SUICIDOLOGIE 

RECHERCHE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{canetto_suicidal_2021,

title = {Suicidal as normal – A lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth script?},

author = {Silvia Sara Canetto and Paolo Antonelli and Anna Ciccotti and Davide Dettore and Dorian A. Lamis},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000730},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {292–300},

abstract = {Background: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth are more likely to report suicidal thoughts and/or behavior (STB) than heterosexual youth. The elevated suicidality of LGB youth is not fully accounted for by sexual-minority stress, according to a meta-analysis. A less-tested explanation is that suicidality has become an expected idiom of LGB youth distress. This explanation is consistent with suicide script theory and evidence that suicidal behavior is most likely when it is relatively acceptable. Aims: Building on suicide script theory and evidence, two studies were designed: one of LGB youth attitudes about suicidal behavior, and the other of LGB youth attitudes about suicidal individuals. Method: Surveys of LGB and heterosexual youth (total N = 300; M age = 20; 51% female) were conducted. Results: LGB youth were more accepting of and empathic toward suicidal behavior than heterosexual youth. They also viewed suicidal individuals as more emotionally adjusted. Limitations: Attitudes were not examined by sexual-minority subgroups. Conclusion: LGB youth's understanding attitudes may translate into less judgmental behavior toward suicidal peers, but also into normalizing suicidality as a way to express distress and cope with life problems. There may be utility in evaluating LGB youth suicide attitudes in suicide prevention initiatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

HOMOSEXUALITÉ 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

ATTITUDE 

MÉTA-ANALYSE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{berman_defining_2021,

title = {Defining suicidology and the titling of suicidologist?},

author = {Alan L. Berman and Morton M. Silverman and Diego De Leo and Daniel Reidenberg},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000790},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {165–170},

abstract = {This editorial discusses the history behind suicidology, and the scientists who study it. The authors discuss whether suicidology is a profession, specialization, or vocation, alongside the field's core knowledge and practice competencies, standards for practice, and certification. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) SUICIDOLOGIE 

RECHERCHE 

CONNAISSANCE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bergmans_alexithymia_2021,

title = {Alexithymia in people with recurrent suicide attempts: A niche area for targeted treatment},

author = {Yvonne Bergmans and Tim Guimond and Clare Lambert and Shane McInerney and Kristen O'Brien},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000738},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {425–433},

abstract = {Background: Alexithymia, an inability to identify or describe emotions, is associated with suicidality yet the correlation with single or repeated suicide attempts is less clear. Aims: We aimed to assess the modifiability of alexithymia following a group psychosocial intervention focused on improving emotional literacy in those with a history of recurrent suicide attempts (RSA). Method: A total of 169 participants with self-reported RSA completed pre- and postgroup assessments of a 20-week group therapy intervention. Questionnaires assessed alexithymia, depression, impulsivity, and hopelessness; the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was the primary outcome. Data were analyzed using multiple imputation. Results: Participants had on average 7.8 lifetime suicide attempts, 73% were female, and 16.6% had a >13-point reduction in TAS-20 scores after 20 weeks. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis demonstrated significant relationships between alexithymia, depression, hopelessness, problem-solving, and satisfaction with life. Age of onset of suicidality was the only factor predictive of postintervention TAS-20 score in univariate linear regression. Limitations: The study limitations were its sample size, insufficient resources, and missing data. Conclusion: A change in TAS scores indicated that alexithymia can be a modifiable treatment target. Being able to identify and describe feelings may lead to improvement in depression, hopelessness, problem-solving, and satisfaction with life in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

ÉMOTION 

THÉRAPIE-GROUPE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{baran_implementing_2021,

title = {Implementing real-time data suicide surveillance systems},

author = {Anna Baran and Rebekka Gerstner and Michiko Ueda and Agnieszka Gmitrowicz},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000829},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {321–327},

abstract = {In this editorial, we would like to inspire policy makers to support the real-time monitoring of suicide. Using real- time data to understand the spatiotemporal variability of suicides will allow policy makers evaluate interventions they have invested in and enable them to intervene in a timely manner in situations when an increase in suicides in any region or among any group in the community might be anticipated because of particular circumstances (e.g., quarantine, unemployment and economic crisis, or inappropriate media reporting). Real-time monitoring allows suspicions to be confirmed or rejected, which in turn gives hope for the development of resilience and coping or avoids the spread of inaccurate rumors. Networking and exchange of know-how can help in the development of real- time suicide surveillance systems. Our editorial begins by making the case for real-time surveillance of suicide and then provides examples of systems in three countries: Ecuador, Poland, and Japan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) SUICIDE-COMPLÉTÉ 

PRÉVALENCE 

FRÉQUENCE 

TENDANCE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arendt_investigating_2021,

title = {Investigating suicide-related subliminal messages on Instagram: A frame-by-frame analysis of video posts},

author = {Florian Arendt and Antonia Markiewitz and Sebastian Scherr},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000717},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {4},

pages = {263–269},

abstract = {Background: Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds and Instagram is one of the most popular and fastest-growing social media platforms among this age group. A previous study presented preliminary evidence for suicide-related "subliminal messages" on Instagram, defined as very brief presentations of suicide-related content in video posts that users have no conscious awareness of. Aim: A systematic quantitative study was pending. Method: We conducted a quantitative content analysis of 100 Instagram video posts. A frame-by-frame coding procedure allowed for an assessment of whether suicide-related content was depicted in very brief segments, even when this content could not be consciously recognized when watched at regular speed. Results: Analysis indicates that a substantial amount of suicide-related content is presented in very brief shots. We identified 67 very brief shots that appeared in 21 video posts. Of interest, 13 of these video posts presented more than one very brief suicide-related shot. Limitation: The subjective threshold of conscious awareness differs inter-individually. This complicates the operationalization of subliminal messages. Conclusion: Subliminal messages are ethically highly problematic. There is a need for a greater awareness of possible suicide-related subliminal messages on Instagram. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ADOLESCENT 

JEUNE-ADULTE 

INTERNET},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ammerman_initial_2021,

title = {An initial investigation of suicide attempt disclosures among US veterans},

author = {Brooke A. Ammerman and Sarah P. Carter and Heather M. Gebhardt and Jonathan Buchholz and Mark A. Reger},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000727},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {6},

pages = {411–417},

abstract = {Background: Patient disclosure of prior suicidal behaviors is critical for effectively managing suicide risk; however, many attempts go undisclosed. Aims: The current study explored how responses following a suicide attempt disclosure may relate to help-seeking outcomes. Method: Participants included 37 veterans with a previous suicide attempt receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. Veterans reported on their most and least helpful experiences disclosing their suicide attempt to others. Results: Veterans disclosed their suicide attempt to approximately eight individuals. Mental health professionals were the most cited recipient of their most helpful disclosure; romantic partners were the most common recipient of their least helpful disclosures. Positive reactions within the context of the least helpful disclosure experience were positively associated with a sense of connection with the disclosure recipient. Positive reactions within the most helpful disclosure experience were positively associated with the likelihood of future disclosure. No reactions were associated with having sought professional care or likelihood of seeking professional care. Limitations: The results are considered preliminary due to the small sample size. Conclusion: Findings suggest that while positive reactions may influence suicide attempt disclosure experiences broadly, additional research is needed to clarify factors that drive the decision to disclose a suicide attempt to a professional. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) ÉTATS-UNIS 

TENTATIVE 

MILITAIRE 

RETRAITE 

PATIENT-PSYCHIATRIQUE 

RECHERCHE-AIDE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{alonzo_reports_2021,

title = {Reports on the perceived advantages and disadvantages of suicidal behavior by patients with depression: Content analysis of the decisional balance worksheet},

author = {Dana Alonzo},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000711},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

volume = {42},

number = {3},

pages = {210–217},

abstract = {Background: Studies suggest there may be perceived secondary advantages to engaging in suicidal behavior that impact the help-seeking behavior of at-risk individuals. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the views of patients with depression regarding the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in suicidal behavior using a decisional balance worksheet (DBW) to inform prevention and intervention efforts. Method: Participants were adults with depression between the ages of 18 and 75 presenting to the emergency department with suicidal ideation (N = 42) who participated in a larger pilot study of a brief intervention aimed focused on treatment engagement. Using a content analysis approach, common themes were extracted. Results: Escaping from problems and negative thoughts, ending pain and suffering, and eliciting support and help were the most commonly cited advantages of engaging in suicidal behavior. Negatively impacting family, violating one's values, and missing out on the future were the most commonly reported disadvantages of suicidal behavior. Limitations: Results may not be generalizable to patients without depression who are experiencing suicidality. Conclusion: Results suggest intervention efforts focused on addressing decision-making and problem-solving skills and reinforcing the important role patients play in the lives of their significant others may help patients to resist the urge to act on suicidal thoughts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) ÂGE 

ADULTE 

AÎNÉ 

IDÉATION 

DÉPRESSION 

RECHERCHE-AIDE 

INTERVENTION 

PRISE-DÉCISION},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dorol-beauroy-eustache_systematic_2021,

title = {Systematic review of risk and protective factors for suicidal and self-harm behaviors among children and adolescents involved with cyberbullying},

author = {Ophély Dorol-Beauroy-Eustache and Brian Mishara},

doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106684},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Preventive Medicine},

volume = {152},

number = {1},

pages = {106684},

abstract = {Cyberbullying is associated with increased risk of suicidal and self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents. However, no review to date has explored factors that exacerbate and mitigate this relationship. This systematic review concerns research on factors that influence the impact of cyberbullying on suicidal and self-harm behaviors. Four bibliographic databases were explored and references in included articles were searched. We identified 727 articles and retained 66 that met inclusion criteria. Research has identified multiple risk factors which have been associated with increased suicide risk in general (mental health problems, substance abuse, loneliness, stress, sexual orientation/gender identity issues and violent behaviors). Others risk factors more specific to cyberbullying were: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual and Developmental Disorders, obesity, having asthma and severity of cyberbullying. Fewer studies concern protective factors. School connectedness, restrictive style of parenting, parental support, life satisfaction, having a healthy diet, personal skills and having family dinners were associated with less risk of suicidal and self-harm behaviors following cyberbullying. These protective factors suggest prevention strategies to reduce the impacts of cyberbullying by teaching better personal skills, promoting school social connections and proposing family interventions. More research is needed including exploration of the differential impacts of different forms of cyberbullying, and evaluations of the impacts of programs to increase personal skills, improve family relationships and foster school connectedness to reducing suicidal and self-harm behaviors in this vulnerable population. ENFANT 

ADOLESCENT 

IDÉATION 

TENTATIVE 

COMPORTEMENT-SUICIDAIRE 

COMPORTEMENT-AUTODESTRUCTEUR 

AUTO-MUTILATION 

BULLYING 

INTERNET 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

SANTÉ-MENTALE 

ABUS-SUBSTANCE 

SOLITUDE 

STRESS 

HOMOSEXUALITÉ 

TRANSEXUALISME 

COMPORTEMENT-VIOLENT 

RETARD-MENTAL 

OBÉSITÉ 

MALADIE-CHRONIQUE 

FACTEUR-PROTECTION 

INTÉGRATION-SOCIALE 

FAMILLE 

REVUE-LITTÉRATURE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mishara_genetic_2021,

title = {Genetic testing for suicide risk assessment: Theoretical premises, research challenges and ethical concerns},

author = {Brian Mishara and David N Weisstub},

doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106685},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Preventive Medicine},

abstract = {We explore ethical premises and practical implications of using genetic testing to predict suicide risk. Twin studies indicate heritable components of suicide risk, intertwined with the heritability of mental disorders, and possibly other traits. Current genetics research has abandoned searching for single gene Mendelian determinants, in favour of complex probabilistic epigenetic models. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) might identify thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), each contributing very little to the variance associated with behavioral phenotypes. However, suicide is a behavioral outcome rather than a phenotype, with so many different causal aetiologies, that it is impossible to predict the behaviors of individuals. We analyse practical and ethical issues that would arise if future research were to identify genetic information that will accurately predict suicide. Applying ACCE guidelines that specify when genetic tests should and should not be used, we examine the Analytic Validity, Clinical Validity, Clinical Utility and Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications. Low sensitivity and specificity for predicting suicide diminish potential advantages and exacerbate risks. Key considerations include the likelihood that testing will result in effective preventive interventions, which are not currently available, and unreliable positive results increasing hopelessness, stigma, and psychosocial risks. If the unregulated direct-to-consumer genetic testing services include suicide risk assessments, their use risks negative impacts. In the future, if genetic testing could accurately identify suicide risk in individuals, its use would be contraindicated if we cannot provide effective preventive interventions and mitigate the negative impacts of informing people about their risk level. 



Cet article se penche sur les prémisses éthiques et les implications pratiques d’avoir recours aux tests génétiques pour prédire le risque suicidaire. Des études sur des jumeaux indiquent les facteurs héréditaires du risque suicidaire, interreliés avec les facteurs héréditaires des troubles de santé mentale et possiblement d’autres traits. Les études génétiques actuelles ont délaissé la recherche de déterminants génétiques issus d’un gène unique, au profit de modèles épigénétiques probabilistes complexes. Les études d’association pangénomiques (Genome-Wide Association Studies) peuvent identifier des milliers de polymorphismes singuliers de nucléotides (SNP), chacun contribuant de manière minimale à la variance associée aux phénotypes comportementaux. Or, le suicide est la conséquence d’un comportement plutôt qu’un phénotype. Il compte une grande diversité d’étiologies causales, de sorte qu’il est impossible de prédire les comportements des individus. Cette étude analyse les enjeux pratiques et éthiques qui pourraient émerger si les recherches futures étaient en mesure d’identifier les informations génétiques permettant des pronostics précis sur le suicide. Suivant les lignes directrices ACCE qui spécifient quand les tests génétiques devraient être utilisés ou pas, cette étude se penche sur la validité analytique, la validité clinique, l’utilité clinique et les implications éthiques, légales et sociales.  De faibles niveaux de sensibilité et de spécificité dans la prédiction du suicide diminuent les avantages potentiels et augmentent les risques. Les principales considérations incluent la probabilité que les tests permettront de mettre en place des interventions préventives efficaces, lesquelles ne sont pas disponibles à l’heure actuelle, ainsi que des résultats positifs non fiables qui pourraient augmenter le désespoir, la stigmatisation et les risques psychosociaux. Si des tests génétiques incluant une évaluation du risque suicidaire étaient offerts directement aux consommateurs sans régulation, leur utilisation risquerait d’entraîner des impacts négatifs. Dans l’avenir, si les tests génétiques étaient en mesure de prédire de manière précise le risque suicidaire des individus, ces tests seraient contre-indiqués dans la mesure où il n’est pas possible de mettre en place des interventions préventives permettant d’atténuer les impacts négatifs associés au fait d’informer les gens sur leur niveau de risque.

DÉPISTAGE 

POTENTIEL-SUICIDAIRE 

ÉTHIQUE 

GÉNÉTIQUE 

BIOLOGIE 

ÉVALUATION-CLINIQUE 

PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE 

PRÉDICTION 

BIOLOGIE 

PRÉVENTION 

STIGMATISATION 

JUMEAUX 

FAMILLE 

CONSENTEMENT 

EFFET-NÉGATIF 

RECHERCHE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mishara_long-term_2021,

title = {Long-term effects of a comprehensive police suicide prevention program: 22-year follow-up},

author = {Brian Mishara and Louis-Francis Fortin},

doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000774},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Crisis},

abstract = {Background: Mishara and Martin (2012) reported decreases in suicides 12 years after implementation of a police suicide prevention program. Aims: We aimed to determine whether suicide decreases were sustained 10 years later. Method: We examined coroners’ investigations of police deaths from 2009 through 2018. Results: From 2009 to 2018, Montreal suicide rates increased but this was not significantly different from the previous 12 years and the rate for other Quebec police remained significantly higher than Montreal (p less .006). The 22-year Montreal postprogram rate was significantly lower than the preprogram rate (p less .002), and the 22-year rate for other police during the same years was not significantly different from earlier. Limitations: Uncontrolled factors may have influenced the rates, including the 11% increase in women in the Montreal police. The observed mean aging of the Montreal police personnel would have been expected to bias toward finding increases in suicides. However, the maintenance of decreases in suicide rates was observed. Conclusion: The decrease in suicides observed 12 years after the program was sustained for another 10 years, and appears related to the program. Rates for comparable police remained higher. A continuing comprehensive suicide prevention program tailored to the context may reduce suicides for extended time periods. 



Contexte : Mishara et Martin (2012) rapportent une baisse des suicides 12 ans après l’implantation d’un programme de prévention du suicide au sein d’un service de police. Objectif : cet article vise à déterminer si la baisse observée dans les suicides se maintient 10 ans plus tard. Méthode : les auteurs examinent les enquêtes de coroners sur les décès de policiers de 2009 à 2018. Résultats : Entre 2009 et 2018, le taux de suicide pour les policiers de Montréal a augmenté, mais la différence n’est pas significative par rapport aux 12 années précédentes. Le taux pour les autres services de police du Québec est demeuré significativement plus élevé qu’à Montréal (p plus petit que .006). Le taux à Montréal pour les 22 ans après le programme était significativement plus bas que le taux avant l’implantation du programme (p plus petit .002), alors que durant la même période, le taux sur 22 ans pour les autres services de police n’était pas significativement différent que dans les années précédentes. Limites : d’autres facteurs non contrôlés peuvent avoir influencé les taux, incluant l’augmentation de 11% du nombre de femmes dans le service de police de Montréal. L’augmentation observée de l’âge moyen au sein du personnel de la police de Montréal n’a pas mené à une augmentation du nombre de suicide, au contraire de ce qui était attendu. En effet, la baisse des taux de suicides s’est maintenue. Conclusion : La baisse des suicides observée dans les 12 ans suivant le programme s’est maintenue pour 10 années supplémentaires. Cette baisse semble reliée au programme. Les taux pour des forces policières comparables sont demeurés plus élevés. Un programme continu de prévention du suicide adapté au contexte pourrait réduire les suicides de manière durable dans le temps.

MONTRÉAL 

QUÉBEC 

CANADA 

SUICIDE-COMPLÉTÉ 

PRÉVENTION 

POLICE 

ÉVALUATION 

PROGRAMME 

IMPLANTATION 

PRÉVALENCE 

TENDANCE 

EFFICACITÉ},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{genest_correctional_2021,

title = {Correctional work: Reflections regarding suicide},

author = {Christine Genest and Rosemary Ricciardelli and Nicholas R Carleton},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph18084280},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {18},

number = {8},

pages = {4280},

abstract = {The Public Health Agency of Canada declared suicide a public health problem in Canada (2016). Employees working in correctional services, researchers find, experience high rates of life-time suicidal ideation in comparison to other public safety professionals and the general population. Suicide behaviours (i.e., ideation, planning, attempts, death) are a multifactorial phenomenon, explained in part by the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide that suggests attempted suicide is facilitated by perceived burdensomeness, a lost sense of belonging, a feeling of hopelessness, and a progressively reduced fear of death, as well as capacity and planning to engage a lethal attempt. In the current study, we unpack the factors that can influence suicide behaviours as reported by correctional workers. Our intent is to make explicit the experiences of a small sample (n = 25) of correctional workers in relation to suicidal behaviours, highlighting stories of recovery and acknowledging the importance of facilitating psychologically safe workplaces. Analysis entailed an inductive semi-grounded emergent theme approach. Participants identified certain risk factors as being able to induce suicidal ideation, such as marital or family problems as well as difficulties at work (i.e., bullying or difficult working conditions). Having children and a partner may act as factors preventing suicide for those with ideation. Participants sought help from professionals, such as their family doctor, a psychologist, or the Employee Assistance Program (EAP); however, the lack of perceived organisational supports and recognition of the issue of suicide by the employer are two elements that can hinder the search for help. 



L’Agence de santé publique du Canada a déclaré que le suicide est un problème de santé publique au Canada (2016). Les recherches montrent que les personnes travaillant au sein des services correctionnels ont des taux plus élevés d’idéation suicidaire au cours de leur existence, en comparaison avec d’autres professionnels de la sécurité publique et avec la population générale. Les comportements suicidaires (idéations, planification, tentative, décès) sont un phénomène multifactoriel, partiellement expliqué par la théorie interpersonnelle psychologique du suicide, qui suggère que les tentatives de suicide sont facilitées par la perception d’être un fardeau, la perte du sentiment d’appartenance, le désespoir, ainsi qu’une baisse progressive de la peur de mourir, parallèlement à une capacité accrue de planifier et de poser un geste fatal. La présente étude identifie les facteurs qui peuvent influencer les comportements suicidaires tels que rapportés par les employés des services correctionnels. L’objectif est de mettre en lumière les expériences vécues au sein d’un petit échantillon (n = 25) d’employés de services correctionnels quant aux comportements suicidaires, mettant en évidence les histoires de rétablissement, et de reconnaître l’importance de mettre en place des environnements de travail sécuritaires au niveau psychologique. L’analyse utilise une approche inductive semi-ancrée, par laquelle les thèmes émergent des données. Les participants ont identifié certains facteurs de risque comme étant susceptibles d’induire des idéations suicidaires, tels que des problèmes matrimoniaux ou familiaux, de même que des difficultés au travail (par exemple, de l’intimidation ou des conditions de travail difficiles). Avoir des enfants et être en couple pourraient agir comme facteurs de protection contre le suicide pour ceux qui ont des idéations suicidaires. Les participants disent rechercher de l’aide de professionnels, par exemple leur médecin de famille, un psychologue ou le Programme d’aide aux employés. Toutefois, le manque de soutien organisationnel perçu et de reconnaissance de l’enjeu du suicide par l’employeur sont deux éléments qui peuvent faire obstacle à la recherche d’aide.

ONTARIO 

CANADA 

IDÉATION 

PERSONNEL-CARCÉRAL 

ÉTUDE-QUALITATIVE 

TRAVAIL 

MILIEU-CARCÉRAL 

MILIEU-TRAVAIL 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

FACTEUR-PROTECTION 

RÉSILIENCE 

RECHERCHE-AIDE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rassy_information_2021,

title = {Information and communications technology use in suicide prevention: A scoping review},

author = {Jessica Rassy and Cécile Bardon and Luc Dargis and Louis-Philippe Côté and Laurent Corthésy-Blondin and Carl-Maria Mörch and Réal Labelle},

doi = {10.2196/25288},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},

abstract = {Background: The use of information and communications technology (ICT) in suicide prevention has progressed rapidly over the past decade. ICT plays a major role in suicide prevention but research regarding best and promising practices has lagged behind. Objective: The aim of this paper is to scope the existing literature on ICT use in suicide prevention in order to answer the following question: What are the best and promising ICT practices for suicide prevention? Methods: A scoping search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, and IEEE Xplore. These were searched for articles published from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018. Five stages were followed: (1) identify research question, (2) target relevant studies, (3) select studies, (4) chart data, and (5) collate, summarize and report results. Results: Of 3848 studies found, 134 were selected. Of these, 10 regarded the use of ICT in universal suicide prevention, 53 referred to the use of ICT in selective suicide prevention, 52 dealt with the use of ICT in indicated suicide prevention and 19 concerned other studies on individuals at risk of suicide who use ICT. Conclusions: The use of ICT plays a major role in suicide prevention and many promising programs were identified through this scoping review. However, larger-scaled evaluation studies are needed to further examine the effectiveness of these programs and strategies. Also, safety and ethics protocols for ICT-based interventions are recommended. Clinical Trial: n/a 

Contexte : l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) en prévention du suicide a fait de grands progrès au cours des dernières décennies. Les TIC jouent un rôle majeur en prévention du suicide, mais la recherche concernant les meilleures pratiques et les pratiques prometteuses ont pris du retard. Objectif : le but de cet article est de faire une étude de portée de la littérature actuelle sur l’utilisation des TIC en prévention du suicide, de manière à répondre à la question suivante : quelles sont les meilleures pratiques et les pratiques prometteuses en matière d’utilisation des TIC en prévention du suicide? Méthode : Une étude de portée a été réalisée dans les bases de données suivantes : PubMed, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, et IEEE Xplore. Les articles devaient être publiés entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 31 décembre 2018. L’étude a suivi cinq étapes : 1) identifier la question de recherche, 2) cibler les études pertinentes, 3) sélectionner les études, 4) enregistrer les données et 5) colliger, résumer et rapporter les résultats. Résultats : Sur les 3 848 études trouvées, 134 ont été sélectionnées. Sur ces dernières, 10 concernaient l’utilisation des TIC en prévention universelle du suicide, 53 concernaient l’utilisation des TIC en prévention sélective, 52 se penchaient sur l’utilisation des TIC en prévention indiquée et enfin, 19 portaient sur d’autres études sur les individus à risque suicidaire utilisant les TIC. Conclusions : L’utilisation des TIC joue un rôle majeur en prévention du suicide et plusieurs programmes prometteurs ont été identifiés lors de cette étude de portée. Toutefois, des études évaluatives de plus grande ampleur sont nécessaires pour déterminer l’efficacité de ces programmes et stratégies. De plus, des protocoles de sécurité et d’éthique en matière d’interventions par les TIC sont recommandés. Essais cliniques : N/A. 



PRÉVENTION 

REVUE-LITTÉRATURE 

INTERNET 

MÉDIA 

INFORMATION 

INTERVENTION 

EFFICACITÉ 

PROMOTION 

SANTÉ-MENTALE 

THÉRAPIE 

APPROCHE-COGNITIVO-BEHAVIORALE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mishara_randomized_2020,

title = {Randomized Control Study of the Implementation and Effects of a New Mental Health Promotion Program to Improve Coping Skills in 9 to 11 Year Old Children: Passport: Skills for Life},

author = {Brian Mishara and Sarah Dufour},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573342/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Psychology&id=573342},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573342},

issn = {1664-1078},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-30},

journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},

volume = {11},

number = {2927},

abstract = {Passport: Skills for Life is a universal, primary school mental health promotion program to increase children’s coping skills. A stratified randomized control study with pretest, post-test and 1-year follow-up included 1,492 3rd to 6th grade children, from higher and lower socio-economic levels, randomly assigned by school to receive the program or a control group. Implementation and effects were evaluated by questionnaires and focus groups with children, parents and teachers as well as classroom observations. Program activities were well implemented and greatly appreciated, with perceived improvements in resolving conflicts, communicating feelings and coping. Compared to the controls, participants had increased emotional awareness, sustained 1 year later; conceived of more ways to cope in fictitious situations and reported using more, and more useful strategies, sustained 1 year later. Positive Academic Behaviors increased, but were not sustained the following year. This is a promising program to improve coping and emotional awareness that merits further research on its effects. 

Passeport : S’équiper pour la vie est un programme universel de promotion de la santé mentale à l’école primaire visant à améliorer la capacité d’adaptation des enfants. Un essai contrôlé randomisé stratifié avec prétest, post-test et suivi un an après incluant 1492 enfants de la 3e à la 6e année, provenant de milieux socioéconomiques favorisés et défavorisés, assignés de manière aléatoire par école pour suivre le programme ou faire partie du groupe contrôle. L’implantation et les effets ont été évalués par des questionnaires et des groupes de discussion avec des enfants, parents et enseignants de même que par des observations en classe. Les activités du programme ont été implantées de manière adéquate et ont été très appréciées. Des améliorations ont été perçues dans la résolution de conflits, la communication des émotions et l’adaptation. Comparés aux enfants du groupe contrôle, les participants au programme avaient une meilleure reconnaissance des émotions, qui s’est maintenue un an après; ils étaient en mesure de concevoir plus de façon de s’adapter à des situations fictives et disaient utiliser davantage de stratégies et des stratégies plus aidantes, ce qui se maintenait aussi un an après. Les comportements positifs à l’école (Positive Academic Behaviors) ont augmenté, mais cette amélioration ne s’est pas maintenue un an après. Il s’agit d’un programme prometteur pour augmenter la capacité d’adaptation des enfants et la capacité à reconnaître leurs émotions. Des recherches supplémentaires seraient utiles pour en documenter davantage les effets.

MENTAL HEALTH, PROMOTION, SCHOOL, EVALUATION,COPING, PRIMARY SCHOOL, CHILDREN},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mishara_trends_2020,

title = {Trends in US suicide deaths-Reply},

author = {Brian Mishara and Stefan Stijelja},

doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2014},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-09},

volume = {174},

number = {11},

pages = {1118--1119},

abstract = {[Sans résumé] ÉTATS-UNIS 

AMÉRIQUE 

TENDANCE 

PRÉVENTION 

PROGRAMME 

ARGUMENT},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mishara_trends_2020-1,

title = {Trends in US suicide deaths, 1999 to 2017, in the context of suicide prevention legislation},

author = {Brian Mishara and Stefan Stijelja},

doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6066},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-08},

volume = {174},

number = {5},

pages = {499--500},

abstract = {[Sans résumé] ÉTATS-UNIS 

AMÉRIQUE 

PRÉVENTION 

SUICIDE-COMPLÉTÉ 

PRÉVALENCE 

TENDANCE 

STRATÉGIE-NATIONALE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{stijelja_covid-19_2020,

title = {COVID-19 and psychological distress-changes in internet searches for mental health issues in New York during the pandemic},

author = {Stefan Stijelja and Brian Mishara},

doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3271},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-02},

volume = {180},

number = {12},

pages = {1703--1706},

abstract = {[Sans résumé] NEW-YORK 

ÉTATS-UNIS 

AMÉRIQUE 

TROUBLE-ANXIEUX 

ANXIÉTÉ 

ÉPIDÉMIE 

PEUR 

TROUBLE-FINANCIER 

SANTÉ-MENTALE 

TROUBLE-PANIQUE 

ISOLEMENT 

TROUBLE-SOMMEIL 

STRESS 

CHÔMAGE 

DÉTRESSE-PSYCHOLOGIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vachon_projet_2020,

title = {Le projet j'accompagne: Panser et repenser la fin de vie et le deuil à l’heure de la pandémie de COVID-19},

author = {Mélanie Vachon and Deborah Ummel and Adèle Bourget-Godbout and Alexandra Guité-Verret and Philippe Laperle},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Les Cahiers francophones de soins palliatifs},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {1--11},

abstract = {Les mesures de confinement qui prévalent dans plus d’une centaine de pays touchés par la pandémie de COVID-19 ont bouleversé de manière tragique l’accompagnement des personnes en fin de vie et le processus de deuil de leurs proches aidants. Dans cet article, nous recensons les écrits sur le deuil et analysons les conséquences potentielles du contexte de pandémie sur l’expérience des individus endeuillés. Ensuite, nous explorons les modalités de soutien alternatives qui s’offrent aux personnes éprouvées par la perte d’un proche en raison de la pandémie. Puis, en nous appuyant sur la littérature répertoriée et sur le modèle des communautés compatissantes, nous présentons le projet textitJ’accompagne, dont la mission est de créer une communauté virtuelle de soutien autour des proches aidants et des endeuillés par la COVID-19. FIN-DE-VIE 

MORTALITÉ 

DEUIL 

ENDEUILLÉ 

PROCESSUS-DEUIL 

AIDANT 

COMMUNAUTÉ 

SOUTIEN-SOCIAL 

DÉTRESSE-PSYCHOLOGIQUE 

RITUEL},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{romanelli_sexual_2020,

title = {Sexual identity–Behavior profiles and suicide outcomes among heterosexual, lesbian, and gay sexually active adolescents},

author = {Meghan Romanelli and Yunyu Xiao and Michael A Lindsey},

doi = {10.1111/sltb.12634},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {921--933},

abstract = {Objective Adolescents’ sexual behaviors can be incongruent with those assumed to align with their sexual identity. Identity–behavior profiles permit the characterization of youth who might remain undetected using a single-dimensional assessment of sexual orientation. This study examined suicide risks among four distinct sexual identity–behavior profiles of youth: heterosexual with other-sex partners only, heterosexual with any same-sex partners, lesbian or gay (LG) with same-sex partners only, and LG with any other-sex partners. Method Data were analyzed from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participants’ reported sex, sexual identity, and the sex of their sexual contacts were used to construct the identity–behavior profiles. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between identity–behavior profiles and suicide outcomes. Results Compared to heterosexual respondents with other-sex partners only, heterosexual respondents with any same-sex partners and LG respondents with same-sex partners only had greater odds of having a suicide plan; LG respondents with any other-sex partners were over seven times more likely to have suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide and 14 times more likely to have a suicide plan. Conclusions Health and mental health providers can expand the identification of youth at risk for suicide by assessing both sexual identity and behavior. ÉTATS-UNIS 

ADOLESCENT 

IDÉATION 

INTENTION 

TENTATIVE 

SEXUALITÉ 

HOMOSEXUALITÉ 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

SANTÉ-MENTALE 

COMPORTEMENT-RISQUE 

IDENTITÉ-SEXUELLE 

DÉSESPOIR 

BULLYING 

STIGMATISATION 

MARGINALISATION 

FACTEUR-SOCIODÉMOGRAPHIQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pallini_attachment-related_2020,

title = {Attachment-related representations and suicidal ideations in nonsuicidal self-injury adolescents with and without suicide attempts: A pilot study},

author = {Susanna Pallini and Arianna Terrinoni and Sara Iannello and Rita Cerutti and Mauro Ferrara and Fiorella Fantini and Fiorenzo Laghi},

doi = {10.1111/sltb.12633},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {909--920},

abstract = {Objectives Consistent with the debate surrounding the association between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal intent, and suicidal behavior, and between NSSI and dysregulation processes, we attempted to analyze suicide intent and emotion dysregulation in NSSI adolescents, in the framework of the attachment representations and exploring these clues of emotion dysregulation characteristics of insecure attachment. Furthermore, we intended to focus on these attachment-related segregated systems regarding death and suicidal ideations, to explore how differently they would characterize self-injuring adolescents with and without suicide attempts. Methods Thirty-four NSSI inpatient adolescents, 17 with suicide attempts, 17 without suicide attempts, and 17 healthy controls (age 11–17) were assessed using Adult Attachment Projective, which allows for the classification of attachment status and related emotion dysregulation and segregated systems. Results The majority of the NSSI group with and without suicide attempts showed unresolved (disorganized) attachment-related representations and clues of damaged reflective functions, whereas only the NSSI with suicide attempts showed clues of impaired interpersonal relationships. The two clinical groups used words expressing suicidal intent, whereas the healthy group did not. Conclusions Therapists are encouraged not to underestimate suicidal ideation in NSSI regardless of whether or not they have already attempted suicide. ADOLESCENT 

IDÉATION 

INTENTION 

TENTATIVE 

NON-SUICIDAIRE 

ÉMOTION 

ATTACHEMENT 

FACTEUR-RISQUE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{moscardini_suicide-specific_2020,

title = {Suicide-specific cognitions, attentional fixation, and worst-point suicidal ideation},

author = {Emma H Moscardini and Alix B Aboussouan and Craig J Bryan and Raymond P Tucker},

doi = {10.1111/sltb.12628},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {899--908},

abstract = {Objective The fluid vulnerability theory of suicide posits that each person has a baseline risk for suicide, which is comprised of both stable and dynamic factors. The current study investigated the unique involvement of suicide-specific cognitions and attentional fixation on recent suicidal ideation (SI) and SI at its worst. Method Data were analyzed from a sample of N = 126 undergraduate students with a history of SI. Path analyses were used to analyze the relationship between suicide-specific cognitions, attentional fixation, and SI (current and worst point). Results Results revealed that suicide-specific cognitions were directly related to both recent SI and worst-point SI. Suicide-specific cognitions had a significant, indirect effect with worst-point SI through attentional fixation, but this effect was not significant when using recent SI. Conclusion These data support the need for interventions to target cognitive contents and contexts (e.g., fixation) to reduce escalation of SI. Future work would benefit from replicating and extending results in studies that include prospective designs and the assessment of suicidal behaviors. IDÉATION 

COGNITION 

INTERVENTION 

DÉPISTAGE 

POTENTIEL-SUICIDAIRE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mcclay_social_2020,

title = {Social support mediates the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness},

author = {Michael M McClay and Amy M Brausch and Stephen S O'Connor},

doi = {10.1111/sltb.12622},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {884--898},

abstract = {Objective Prior research has found disclosure of concealable stigmatized statuses, including suicide attempt survivorship, to be associated with positive mental health outcomes. This study sought to test the mediating effect of self-reported social support on the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and suicide risk factors in a sample of undergraduate college students. Method Data were analyzed from 149 undergraduate college students with a history of one or more suicide attempts. Three parallel mediation analyses tested the simultaneous mediating effect of family social support and peer social support on the association between suicide attempt disclosure and suicide risk factors. Results Significant total indirect effects in all models indicated family social support and peer social support simultaneously mediated the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. The indirect effect on thwarted belongingness via peer social support was stronger than the indirect effect via family social support. Conclusions Disclosure of suicide attempt was associated with higher social support, which was associated with lower suicide risk factors. In a therapeutic context, it is important to consider social support when discussing disclosure of suicide attempt. ÉTATS-UNIS 

JEUNE-ADULTE 

TENTATIVE 

SOUTIEN-SOCIAL 

FAMILLE 

STIGMATISATION 

PAIR 

DÉPRESSION 

APPARTENANCE 

FARDEAU 

PERCEPTION-SOI 

THÉORIE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{zhornitsky_interpersonal_2020,

title = {Interpersonal risk factors for suicide in cocaine dependence: Association with self-esteem, personality traits, and childhood abuse},

author = {Simon Zhornitsky and Thang M Le and Isha Dhingra and Brendan D Adkinson and Stephane Potvin and Chiang-shan R Li},

doi = {10.1111/sltb.12621},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {867--883},

abstract = {Objective Studies have linked cocaine dependence to suicidality. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, suicidal behavior becomes likely with the simultaneous presence of perceived burdensomeness (PB), lack of (or thwarted) belongingness (TB), and acquired fearlessness about death (FAD). Here, we examined personality and other variables, including depression, self-esteem, childhood abuse, and substance use, as predictors of these risk factors in cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs). Methods Seventy CDs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) participated. We examined group differences in a group-by-sex analysis of variance and identified predictors of PB, TB, and FAD in stepwise regressions. Results CDs exhibited elevated PB and TB but not FAD, compared to HCs. CDs also exhibited elevated harm avoidance, novelty seeking, depression, and lower self-esteem and reward dependence. Females reported elevated sexual abuse, harm avoidance, reward dependence, depression, but lower FAD, relative to males, among CDs and HCs. Among CDs, PB was predicted by lower self-esteem and greater emotional abuse; TB was predicted by lower self-esteem and reward dependence, as well as greater emotional and sexual abuse; and FAD was predicted by lower harm avoidance and greater physical abuse. Conclusions Interventions targeting suicidality in cocaine dependence should take into consideration self-esteem, personality traits, and childhood abuse. DROGUE 

DÉPENDANCE 

ALCOOL 

TABAGISME 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

DÉPRESSION 

ESTIME-SOI 

ABUS 

ABUS-PHYSIQUE 

ABUS-SEXUEL 

ENFANCE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{westermair_traumatizing_2020,

title = {Traumatizing oneself—Deep wrist injuries self-inflicted with suicidal intention are associated with more severe PTSD symptomatology than similar injuries from accidents},

author = {Anna Lisa Westermair and Nico Matzkeit and Annika Waldmann and Felix Stang and Peter Mailänder and Ulrich Schweiger and Tobias Kisch},

doi = {10.1111/sltb.12630},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {856--866},

abstract = {Objective As suicide attempts by definition entail at least some threat to physical integrity and life, they theoretically qualify as an A1 criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study uses the unique opportunity of deep wrist injuries to quantify the effect of intentionality on PTSD rates by comparing suicide attempt survivors with patients who sustained accidental injuries similar in mechanism, localization, and extent. Method Patients who had been admitted with an acute deep wrist injury from 2008 to 2016 filled out the revised Impact of Event Scale and reported other known PTSD risk factors. Mental morbidity and intentionality of the injury were determined by psychiatric consultation during the index hospitalization. Results Fifty-one patients were followed up (72.5% male, 92.2% Caucasian, mean age at injury 42.3 ± 17.5 years, 72.5% accidental injuries), on average 4.2 ± 2.9 years after their injury. The intentionality of the injury alone predicted the severity of intrusions, avoidance, hyperarousal, and probable PTSD (aOR = 14.0). Conclusions Traumatization in the context of a suicide attempt may be a hitherto unknown PTSD risk factor. Patients after suicide attempts, especially medically serious attempts, should be monitored for PTSD symptoms. ALLEMAGNE 

EUROPE 

INTENTION 

TENTATIVE 

COUPER-VEINE 

TROUBLE-STRESS-POST-TRAUMATIQUE 

FACTEUR-RISQUE 

PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}